{"id":12853,"date":"2025-09-27T22:16:34","date_gmt":"2025-09-27T20:16:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/?p=12853"},"modified":"2025-09-29T22:18:28","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T20:18:28","slug":"dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-mawqie-organized-evil-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-mawqie-organized-evil-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr. Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Mawqie: Organized Evil (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Historical Memory as a Political Weapon<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hegemony is not forged through brute force alone; often, it is first crafted in minds through a selective narration of the past \u2014 recycled in media, education, politics, and diplomacy until it becomes an \u201cimagined truth\u201d with real-world effects. Researchers of memory call this the politics of memory<\/em>: the transformation of certain historical events into a moral reference point that justifies present-day choices and grants particular actors symbolic and political immunity (Halbwachs; Olick; Assmann).<\/p>\n

The approach we adopt here carefully distinguishes between criticizing ideology, politics, and institutions on one hand, and generalizing against religious or ethnic groups on the other. Our goal is to analyze how modern memory \u2014 particularly around Europe and World War II \u2014 became an instrument for codifying Israel\u2019s official narrative, how this has affected the positioning of Muslims and Arabs in Western consciousness, and how it legitimized violence as \u201clegitimate self-defense.\u201d<\/p>\n

\n

(1) From Theology to Politics: A Qualitative Shift in the West<\/h3>\n

For centuries, the image of Jews in traditional Christian consciousness was charged with the accusation of \u201ckilling God,\u201d deeply rooted in theology and popular traditions. But after World War II, a striking theological\u2013political shift occurred: the Nostra Aetate<\/em> document (Second Vatican Council, 1965) rejected moral generalization and opened a path to historical reconciliation.<\/p>\n

This was followed by the rising centrality of the Holocaust in Europe\u2019s moral memory, along with an exaggerated sensitivity \u2014 at times \u2014 that disrupts any criticism of Israel\u2019s contemporary policies (Carroll 2001).<\/p>\n

This shift was not purely religious; it intersected with Cold War priorities and the building of a new Euro\u2013Atlantic identity. Thus, the locus of hostility in Western political imagination shifted from \u201cthe Jews\u201d to \u201cthe Eastern\/Muslim enemy,\u201d while Israel was promoted as an advanced outpost of civilization in a \u201cturbulent East\u201d (Huntington 1996; Said 1979).<\/p>\n

\n

(2) The Holocaust: From Human Tragedy to Political Reference<\/h3>\n

There is no dispute that the Holocaust was a crime. Yet the politicization of memory \u2014 as Norman Finkelstein argued \u2014 produced what he called \u201cthe Holocaust Industry\u201d: an institutional use of remembrance that created political, economic, and legal immunity, going beyond legitimate moral sympathy to justifying aggressive policies in Palestine and the region (Finkelstein 2000).<\/p>\n

Hannah Arendt, in Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil<\/em> (1963), showed that turning ethics into bureaucratic procedures can normalize violence and render it \u201cordinary.\u201d This lesson reminds us that if memory is not universalized, it can be mobilized to strip new victims of their humanity.<\/p>\n

\n

Mechanisms of Modern Memory-Making<\/h3>\n

A political \u201ctruth\u201d is manufactured through selective focus and high-intensity repetition across multiple platforms. The main tools can be summarized as:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    News and entertainment media<\/strong>: Repetition of frames that present Israeli power as \u201cself-defense,\u201d while framing the Palestinian victim as an \u201cexistential threat.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Education, museums, and laws<\/strong>: Curricula and institutions that entrench the centrality of one memory while excluding parallel narratives.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Diplomacy and lobbying<\/strong>: Networks that convert a memory narrative into standards of international conduct, making criticism politically and economically costly.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    Securitization<\/strong>: Shifting moral issues into the field of security, where accountability shrinks and the powers of force expand.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Through these tools, the roles of \u201cvictim and oppressor\u201d are re-scripted, and public opinion \u2014 especially in Western democracies \u2014 is nudged to accept extreme measures as \u201cexistential necessities.\u201d<\/p>\n

    \n

    (3) From Theological Narrative to the \u201cAlternative Enemy\u201d: Muslims Under the Spotlight<\/h3>\n

    Since the 1990s, Samuel Huntington\u2019s \u201cClash of Civilizations\u201d thesis put Islam at the center of identity tensions. After September 11, the image of the Muslim \u2014 Arab or otherwise \u2014 settled into that of a \u201cthreat\u201d requiring taming or deterrence.<\/p>\n

    In this context, Israel\u2019s official narrative is easily marketed: every act of resistance is framed as terrorism, and every objection to force is demonized as \u201canti-Semitism.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Here, the manufacturing of fear intersects with the politicization of memory, rearranging morality: the suffering of an occupied people becomes a mere \u201csecurity detail,\u201d while power is sanctified as a \u201cshield against repeating the tragedy.\u201d<\/p>\n

    \n

    (4) The \u201cNew Hitlerism\u201d: Logic, Not Analogy<\/h3>\n

    When we describe some of Israel\u2019s current policies as \u201cnew Hitlerism\u201d<\/strong>, we are not equating victims or making arbitrary historical projections. Rather, we are pointing to a specific logic that historian Ian Kershaw identified in his reading of Hitler: obsession with power, dehumanization of the opponent, and turning security exceptions into permanent norms (Kershaw 2008).<\/p>\n

    Applied to occupied land and civilian populations, this logic moves the state from the realm of \u201clegitimate defense\u201d into a project of organized repression, legitimized by a politically invested memory.<\/p>\n

    \n

    (5) How Can Politics of Memory Be Confronted?<\/h3>\n

    Politicized memory is not countered by absolute counter-speech, but through building a resilient alternative ethical memory<\/em>, with strong tools:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      Systematic documentation of international law violations (legal files; digital archiving of testimonies).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Critical education that integrates the region\u2019s history and victims\u2019 narratives into global curricula.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Professional cultural and media production (cinema, documentaries, investigative journalism) that tells the human story without slogans.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      International academic and legal alliances that raise the cost of denying violations and reawaken global conscience.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Alternative economic and political frameworks (e.g., an Arab common market) that place the narrative within the vessel of interests rather than the margin of sentiment.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      In this way, memory shifts from a shield that justifies violence into a universal mirror that reminds us justice is indivisible, and that yesterday\u2019s victim cannot be used to justify producing new victims.<\/p>\n

      \n

      Conclusion<\/h3>\n

      Politics of memory are not a cultural luxury; they are an infrastructure of hegemony. The ability of right-wing Israeli governments \u2014 in certain periods \u2014 to invest in these politics explains how violence is recycled as \u201cnecessary\u201d and how moral critique is trapped under the charge of \u201cdenying tragedy.\u201d<\/p>\n

      The way forward is not to negate the memory of tragedies, but to liberate it from political use and re-universalize it morally: no Holocaust justifies the oppression of another people, and no security can legitimize erasing the humanity of the occupied.<\/p>\n

      Here begins the condition of just politics.<\/p>\n

      \n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Historical Memory as a Political Weapon Hegemony is not forged through brute force alone; often, it is first crafted in minds through a selective narration of the past \u2014 recycled in media, education, politics, and diplomacy until it becomes an \u201cimagined truth\u201d with real-world effects. Researchers of memory call this the politics of memory: the …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12836,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[208,103,16,197],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12853","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2025-collective-articles","category-all-articles","category-articles-by-dr-badrawi","category-translated-articles"],"yoast_head":"\nDr. Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Mawqie: Organized Evil (2) - Dr. Hossam Badrawi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-mawqie-organized-evil-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dr. Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Mawqie: Organized Evil (2) - Dr. Hossam Badrawi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Historical Memory as a Political Weapon Hegemony is not forged through brute force alone; often, it is first crafted in minds through a selective narration of the past \u2014 recycled in media, education, politics, and diplomacy until it becomes an \u201cimagined truth\u201d with real-world effects. Researchers of memory call this the politics of memory: the …\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-mawqie-organized-evil-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dr. Hossam Badrawi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hossambadrawi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hossambadrawi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-09-27T20:16:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-29T20:18:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/556667.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. Hossam Badrawi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@HossamBadrawi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@HossamBadrawi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. Hossam Badrawi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-mawqie-organized-evil-2\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-mawqie-organized-evil-2\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dr. Hossam Badrawi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/71dac15488abcc9dd96527db12aee32a\"},\"headline\":\"Dr. Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Mawqie: Organized Evil (2)\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-27T20:16:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-29T20:18:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-mawqie-organized-evil-2\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":989,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/71dac15488abcc9dd96527db12aee32a\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-mawqie-organized-evil-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/556667.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"2025 Collective Activities & Articles\",\"All Articles\",\"By Dr Badrawi\",\"Translated Articles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-mawqie-organized-evil-2\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-mawqie-organized-evil-2\\\/\",\"name\":\"Dr. Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Mawqie: Organized Evil (2) - 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He is the former head of the Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University. He conducted his post graduate studies from 1979 till 1981 in the United States. He was elected as a member of the Egyptian Parliament and chairman of the Education and Scientific Research Committee in the Parliament from 2000 till 2005. As a politician, Dr. Hossam Badrawi was known for his independent stances. His integrity won the consensus of all people from various political trends. During the era of former president Hosni Mubarak he was called The Rationalist in the National Democratic Party NDP because his political calls and demands were consistent to a great extent with calls for political and democratic reform in Egypt. He was against extending the state of emergency and objected to the National Democratic Party's unilateral constitutional amendments during the January 25, 2011 revolution. He played a very important political role when he defended, from the very first beginning of the revolution, the demonstrators' right to call for their demands. He called on the government to listen and respond to their demands. Consequently and due to Dr. Badrawi's popularity, Mubarak appointed him as the NDP Secretary General thus replacing the members of the Bureau of the Commission. During that time, Dr. Badrawi expressed his political opinion to Mubarak that he had to step down. He had to resign from the party after 5 days of his appointment on February 10 when he declared his political disagreement with the political leadership in dealing with the demonstrators who called for handing the power to the Muslim Brotherhood. Therefore, from the very first moment his stance was clear by rejecting a religion-based state which he considered as aiming to limit the Egyptians down to one trend. He considered deposed president Mohamed Morsi's decision to bring back the People's Assembly as a reinforcement of the US-supported dictatorship. He was among the first to denounce the incursion of Morsi's authority over the judicial authority, condemning the Brotherhood militias' blockade of the Supreme Constitutional Court. Dr. Hossam supported the Tamarod movement in its beginning and he declared that toppling the Brotherhood was a must and a pressing risk that had to be taken few months prior to the June 30 revolution and confirmed that the army would support the legitimacy given by the people\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/hossambadrawi\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/HossamBadrawi\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Dr. Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Mawqie: Organized Evil (2) - Dr. Hossam Badrawi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-mawqie-organized-evil-2\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Dr. Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Mawqie: Organized Evil (2) - Dr. Hossam Badrawi","og_description":"Historical Memory as a Political Weapon Hegemony is not forged through brute force alone; often, it is first crafted in minds through a selective narration of the past \u2014 recycled in media, education, politics, and diplomacy until it becomes an \u201cimagined truth\u201d with real-world effects. 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He is the former head of the Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University. He conducted his post graduate studies from 1979 till 1981 in the United States. He was elected as a member of the Egyptian Parliament and chairman of the Education and Scientific Research Committee in the Parliament from 2000 till 2005. As a politician, Dr. Hossam Badrawi was known for his independent stances. His integrity won the consensus of all people from various political trends. During the era of former president Hosni Mubarak he was called The Rationalist in the National Democratic Party NDP because his political calls and demands were consistent to a great extent with calls for political and democratic reform in Egypt. He was against extending the state of emergency and objected to the National Democratic Party's unilateral constitutional amendments during the January 25, 2011 revolution. He played a very important political role when he defended, from the very first beginning of the revolution, the demonstrators' right to call for their demands. He called on the government to listen and respond to their demands. Consequently and due to Dr. Badrawi's popularity, Mubarak appointed him as the NDP Secretary General thus replacing the members of the Bureau of the Commission. During that time, Dr. Badrawi expressed his political opinion to Mubarak that he had to step down. He had to resign from the party after 5 days of his appointment on February 10 when he declared his political disagreement with the political leadership in dealing with the demonstrators who called for handing the power to the Muslim Brotherhood. Therefore, from the very first moment his stance was clear by rejecting a religion-based state which he considered as aiming to limit the Egyptians down to one trend. He considered deposed president Mohamed Morsi's decision to bring back the People's Assembly as a reinforcement of the US-supported dictatorship. He was among the first to denounce the incursion of Morsi's authority over the judicial authority, condemning the Brotherhood militias' blockade of the Supreme Constitutional Court. Dr. Hossam supported the Tamarod movement in its beginning and he declared that toppling the Brotherhood was a must and a pressing risk that had to be taken few months prior to the June 30 revolution and confirmed that the army would support the legitimacy given by the people","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hossambadrawi\/","https:\/\/x.com\/HossamBadrawi"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12853","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12853"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12853\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12854,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12853\/revisions\/12854"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12836"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12853"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}