{"id":12880,"date":"2025-10-11T20:22:03","date_gmt":"2025-10-11T18:22:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d8%b0%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%88-%d9%85%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%82%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%ad%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%b1\/"},"modified":"2025-10-13T20:36:55","modified_gmt":"2025-10-13T18:36:55","slug":"house-of-obedience-humiliation-and-disgrace-by-dr-hossam-badrawi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/house-of-obedience-humiliation-and-disgrace-by-dr-hossam-badrawi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cHouse of Obedience\u201d Humiliation and Disgrace By Dr. Hossam Badrawi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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I opened a dialogue with a group of young dreamers of the future who meet with me weekly. We were discussing the human values that must be deepened.
When the topic of obedience arose as a value representing respect, the youth objected strongly, saying that linking respect with obedience is totally unacceptable. Obedience, they argued, is for slaves, not for free people. We can understand compliance with rules, respectful dialogue, and commitment to agreements \u2014 but obedience means abandoning one\u2019s mind and accepting enslavement.<\/p>\n

I told them, supporting their point, that the enlightenment of humanity during the dark ages began with rebellion against obedience to religious figures and authorities who sought to control people.
The philosopher Immanuel Kant<\/strong> was an inspiration to his era through his essay \u201cDare to Know\u201d<\/em>, emphasizing the importance of emerging from intellectual immaturity and reaching the age of reason. He defined immaturity as dependence on others and the inability to think or act without consulting \u201cguardians.\u201d His call for enlightenment was:
\u201cUse your own reason, O human beings! Have the courage to think for yourselves. Do not remain idle or rely on destiny \u2014 act, move, and engage positively and thoughtfully in life.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Human protection lies in education that enables individuals to become mature and self-reliant, using reason to free themselves from the ignorance inherited through dogma and history.<\/p>\n

Obedience gives rise to voluntarism and compliance, yet I have never found a rational justification for demanding that a wife \u201cobey\u201d her husband as if he were her lord and master \u2014 a notion my mind cannot accept, and which surely requires reinterpretation.<\/p>\n

The truth is that ignorant, male-dominated societies are comfortable commanding women to obey their husbands, believing that women are inferior and not equal to men.<\/p>\n

I add: We have long heard the verse \u201cMen are qawwamun (maintainers) over women<\/em>,\u201d taking it as an unquestionable absolute, though the verse actually says:<\/p>\n

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\u201cMen are the protectors and maintainers of women because Allah has given some of them more (strength) than others and because they support them from their means.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

In my view, this connects \u201cqiwamah\u201d (maintenance) to superiority in knowledge, intellect, and contribution to society<\/strong>, and to financial responsibility<\/strong>.
Thus, if a woman possesses greater knowledge, benefit, and is the financial provider, she then holds \u201cqiwamah\u201d over the man \u2014 an interpretation contrary to patriarchal explanations that claim men are inherently superior and therefore rulers and masters over women.<\/p>\n

When the Qur\u2019an grants men qiwamah, it does so based on their spending<\/strong> and their advantage in knowledge and ability<\/strong> \u2014 both of which many women now surpass men in.<\/p>\n

Obedience is a psychological act \u2014 a form of social influence<\/em> where a person complies with explicit instructions from someone in authority. It differs from conformity<\/em> (adapting to peers) and compliance<\/em> (aligning with majority behavior). Depending on context, obedience may be moral \u2014 as in military organization \u2014 or immoral when tied to domination or exploitation.<\/p>\n

Civilization can only be built by free people; enslavement in all political and social forms must be rejected. It differs entirely from lawful compliance with social contracts that apply equally to all \u2014 men and women alike \u2014 as these regulate freedom and equality.<\/p>\n

Ironically, I sometimes find women themselves opposing<\/strong> my views on women\u2019s rights. Yet wisdom and experience tell us: The hardest task in freeing a person from slavery is convincing them that they are not slaves.<\/em><\/p>\n

Those most willing to submit to rulers or authority figures are often the same who enslave women and the weak \u2014 for the \u201cvalue of obedience\u201d creates both the dictator and the slave<\/strong> at once.<\/p>\n

Returning to the main topic \u2014 discussing the concept of \u201cHouse of Obedience\u201d<\/strong> (Bayt al-Ta\u2018ah<\/em>) in Egyptian society.<\/p>\n

Many believe it has Quranic or religious roots, but in truth, it is the product of patriarchal interpretations and authoritarian practices that infiltrated jurisprudence and law, later inherited by the courts.<\/p>\n

The question arises:
How can one human being be forced to live under another\u2019s authority in the name of obedience, when divine obligation itself is founded on freedom of choice?
Even obedience to God \u2014 the highest and most sacred \u2014 is voluntary<\/strong>, as stated:<\/p>\n

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\u201cSo whoever wills \u2014 let him believe; and whoever wills \u2014 let him disbelieve.\u201d (Al-Kahf 18:29)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

If God did not impose obedience by force, how can humans impose it upon one another in a relationship meant to be based on love and compassion?<\/p>\n

The \u201cHouse of Obedience\u201d is not a Quranic text<\/strong> but a legal article derived from ancient jurisprudence that entrenches male authority. It obliges a wife to return to the marital home even against her will unless she proves harm.<\/p>\n

But isn\u2019t this a form of coercion<\/strong>? Can family life truly be built on court orders and enforcement rather than affection and choice?<\/p>\n

There is no greater humiliation than forcing a woman to live with a man she no longer wants, and no greater weakness than a man needing the police and the law to keep a woman by his side.
A real family is founded on peace, affection, and mercy \u2014 not legal papers and enforcement orders.<\/p>\n

Reconsidering the Concept<\/strong><\/h4>\n

When we reread Quranic texts free from patriarchal tradition, we find that the relationship between man and woman is one of equality and partnership:<\/p>\n

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\u201cAnd among His signs is that He created for you mates from among yourselves so that you may find tranquility in them, and He placed between you affection and mercy.\u201d (Al-Rum 30:21)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Where is affection and mercy in a home to which a woman is dragged by force?
\u201cHouse of Obedience\u201d is a concept outdated by time \u2014 a wound in human conscience before being a clause in law.
What we need today is not enforced obedience, but a revival of freedom and dignity<\/strong> within the most sacred of human relationships: marriage.
For love cannot be achieved through coercion.<\/p>\n

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What is \u201cHouse of Obedience\u201d or \u201cObedience Notice\u201d in Egyptian Law?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

When a wife leaves the marital home or refuses to return, the husband has the right to issue her a legal notice<\/strong> (an \u201cobedience summons\u201d) requiring her to return.
The law grants the wife 30 days<\/strong> from the date she receives the notice to either return or file an objection in Family Court.<\/p>\n

If she refuses to return without valid legal reason after this period, the husband may file a \u201cdisobedience (nushuz) lawsuit\u201d<\/strong> to revoke some of her rights such as alimony.<\/p>\n

However, the law stipulates that the home she is summoned to \u2014 the so-called \u201cHouse of Obedience\u201d \u2014 must be fit for living<\/strong>, financially and socially appropriate, free of in-laws, and safe for her.<\/p>\n

The wife also has the right to object<\/strong> within the legal period, providing reasons such as the home being unsuitable or unsafe \u2014 and if proven, the notice becomes invalid.<\/p>\n

Modern Challenges and Debates<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Some judges and lawyers point out that the \u201cobedience notice\u201d is sometimes used as a pressure tool<\/strong> against women, and courts may issue rulings obliging wives to return even when the home is unsafe.<\/p>\n

There is ongoing debate among scholars and academics about the legitimacy of this principle. Some Al-Azhar scholars<\/strong> affirm that \u201cHouse of Obedience\u201d as a literal term is not prescribed in Sharia<\/strong>, and that what exists is a misapplication of mutual rights and duties \u2014 not physical coercion.<\/p>\n

Some legal reform advocates call for amending family law<\/strong> to reduce such practices that violate women\u2019s rights, or to reconsider the enforcement of \u201cobedience notices\u201d altogether.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I opened a dialogue with a group of young dreamers of the future who meet with me weekly. We were discussing the human values that must be deepened.When the topic of obedience arose as a value representing respect, the youth objected strongly, saying that linking respect with obedience is totally unacceptable. Obedience, they argued, is …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12887,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[208,103,16,197],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2025-collective-articles","category-all-articles","category-articles-by-dr-badrawi","category-translated-articles"],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cHouse of Obedience\u201d Humiliation and Disgrace By Dr. Hossam Badrawi - Dr. Hossam Badrawi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/house-of-obedience-humiliation-and-disgrace-by-dr-hossam-badrawi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cHouse of Obedience\u201d Humiliation and Disgrace By Dr. Hossam Badrawi - Dr. Hossam Badrawi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I opened a dialogue with a group of young dreamers of the future who meet with me weekly. 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We were discussing the human values that must be deepened.When the topic of obedience arose as a value representing respect, the youth objected strongly, saying that linking respect with obedience is totally unacceptable. 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He is the former head of the Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University. He conducted his post graduate studies from 1979 till 1981 in the United States. He was elected as a member of the Egyptian Parliament and chairman of the Education and Scientific Research Committee in the Parliament from 2000 till 2005. As a politician, Dr. Hossam Badrawi was known for his independent stances. His integrity won the consensus of all people from various political trends. During the era of former president Hosni Mubarak he was called The Rationalist in the National Democratic Party NDP because his political calls and demands were consistent to a great extent with calls for political and democratic reform in Egypt. He was against extending the state of emergency and objected to the National Democratic Party's unilateral constitutional amendments during the January 25, 2011 revolution. He played a very important political role when he defended, from the very first beginning of the revolution, the demonstrators' right to call for their demands. He called on the government to listen and respond to their demands. Consequently and due to Dr. Badrawi's popularity, Mubarak appointed him as the NDP Secretary General thus replacing the members of the Bureau of the Commission. During that time, Dr. Badrawi expressed his political opinion to Mubarak that he had to step down. He had to resign from the party after 5 days of his appointment on February 10 when he declared his political disagreement with the political leadership in dealing with the demonstrators who called for handing the power to the Muslim Brotherhood. Therefore, from the very first moment his stance was clear by rejecting a religion-based state which he considered as aiming to limit the Egyptians down to one trend. He considered deposed president Mohamed Morsi's decision to bring back the People's Assembly as a reinforcement of the US-supported dictatorship. He was among the first to denounce the incursion of Morsi's authority over the judicial authority, condemning the Brotherhood militias' blockade of the Supreme Constitutional Court. Dr. Hossam supported the Tamarod movement in its beginning and he declared that toppling the Brotherhood was a must and a pressing risk that had to be taken few months prior to the June 30 revolution and confirmed that the army would support the legitimacy given by the people","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hossambadrawi\/","https:\/\/x.com\/HossamBadrawi"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12880","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12880"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12880\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12893,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12880\/revisions\/12893"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12887"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}