{"id":13976,"date":"2026-07-16T20:33:59","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T18:33:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/?p=13976"},"modified":"2026-07-20T20:34:45","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T18:34:45","slug":"dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-ahram-are-we-witnessing-the-next-stage-of-human-biology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-ahram-are-we-witnessing-the-next-stage-of-human-biology\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr. Hossam Badrawi Writes for Al-Ahram: Are we witnessing the next stage of human biology?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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From shifting hormone patterns to epigenetics, emerging research raises profound questions about the future of the human body and our assumptions about what it means to be human.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Painting by Dr Hossam Badrawi<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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We must begin by agreeing that at\u00a0no point in our long history has humanity existed in a definitive, completed form.<\/p>\n

Everything we call \u201chuman nature\u201d today is, in truth, a transient stage in a journey that has not yet been completed\u2014and perhaps never will be.<\/p>\n

We speak of \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as though we were describing two fixed realities.\u00a0Modern biology suggests, however, that they also involve dynamic hormonal balances, influenced by the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the age in which we live.<\/p>\n

Are we, then, today in the midst of a transition that we cannot yet see?<\/p>\n

The question is not merely rhetorical. An accumulating body of scientific observations, emerging from different continents and unrelated research institutions, suggests that the hormonal boundaries that have distinguished masculinity and femininity throughout centuries of human consciousness may, in recent decades, be shifting closer together.<\/p>\n

A decline in testosterone levels among men appears alongside a rise in hyperandrogenic disorders among women. These may seem, at first glance, to be separate phenomena. However,\u00a0they could equally\u00a0represent a shift in human biology unfolding before our eyes, while we remain ignorant of its source and the course it might take.<\/p>\n

While this essay does not claim to possess the answer, it aims to highlight the seriousness of the question by first considering its\u00a0scientific and then its philosophical\u00a0implications\u00a0without confusing what we know with reasonable certainty with what we still merely speculate.<\/p>\n

The symptom before the diagnosis<\/h2>\n

The well-known Massachusetts Male Aging Study, one of the longest-running longitudinal studies in this field, found that a sixty-year-old man whose testosterone was measured in 2004 had a level approximately 17 percent lower than that of a man of the same age measured in 1987.<\/p>\n

In other words, the difference could not be explained simply by aging; it suggested a genuine generational shift. Similar trends have been reported in Denmark and the United States, extending even to adolescents and young men who have not yet reached the age at which such declines were traditionally expected.<\/p>\n

Conversely, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a disorder characterized in large part by excess androgen activity in females, has seen a substantial increase in the number of affected women worldwide over roughly three decades\u2014from around 37 million women in 1990 to nearly 70 million in 2021, according to Global Burden of Disease data.<\/p>\n

The temptation, of course, is to rush to attribute the two phenomena to reasons such as\u00a0the modern chemical environment, industrialized diets, or the pressures of contemporary life.<\/p>\n

All of these hypotheses do, in fact, have some scientific support\u2014from obesity and insulin resistance to endocrine-disrupting chemicals found in plastics and pesticides to changing patterns of sleep, temperature, and physical activity.<\/p>\n

Scientific integrity, however, requires us not to reduce the phenomenon to one definitive cause. Researchers themselves, even in the most recent literature, speak of \u201cmultiple forces acting simultaneously,\u201d rather than of a single explanatory key.<\/p>\n

Perhaps that multiplicity is itself the first lesson: the human body does not respond to one factor alone. It responds to the totality of the life it lives.<\/p>\n

The mechanism of balance across\u00a0history<\/h2>\n

There is a historical fact that deserves more careful reflection than it usually receives.<\/p>\n

After the Second World War, the ratio of men to women in Germany fell sharply, particularly among those between the ages of twenty and forty, as a result of deaths, prisoners of war, and the missing. This demographic imbalance effectively persisted until the affected generation reached its mid-forties. In other words, the generation that paid the price of the war never truly \u201crecovered\u201d from its numerical imbalance during its own lifetime.<\/p>\n

Where, then, did the \u201creturn to balance\u201d we often speak of actually occur?<\/p>\n

It did not happen within the damaged generation, but through the generation born after it. Once normal patterns of childbirth resumed, the ratio of male to female births returned to its longstanding biological pattern: approximately 106 boys for every 100 girls.<\/p>\n

The species did not repair its imbalance by restoring those who had been lost. It moved beyond them, toward a new version of itself.<\/p>\n

This point is philosophically deeper than it may first appear.<\/p>\n

The balance we are discussing is not necessarily an individual property; it may be a property of the species that transcends individuals themselves. The individual may be injured and never recover, while the species continues\u2014utterly indifferent to the fate of any single member\u2014toward its underlying equilibrium.<\/p>\n

If this is true at the level of numbers, might something similar also occur at the level of hormones?<\/p>\n

Could we, the members of a generation witnessing declining testosterone in men and rising androgen excess in some women, represent a generation undergoing a disturbance that will not itself be \u201ccorrected\u201d?\u00a0Could a new equilibrium emerge\u00a0through our children or grandchildren\u2014an equilibrium that may not even resemble the old one?<\/p>\n

The body that remembers<\/h2>\n

Here, a relatively young scientific field\u00a0enters the heart of the discussion: epigenetics.<\/p>\n

Its central insight is that the body does not change only through alterations in the genetic sequence itself\u2014a process so slow that it is often measured across thousands of years\u2014but also through a much faster mechanism: chemical marks attached to genes that can activate some and silence others without changing a single letter of the underlying genetic \u201ctext.\u201d<\/p>\n

Environment, nutrition, and stress tend to influence these epigenetic marks. In some documented circumstances, their effects may even extend across generations.<\/p>\n

In this sense, the body does not entirely forget what it has endured. Yet it does not tell us its story in the language of conscious memory. It speaks, rather, through the languages of biology and regulation.<\/p>\n

Our grandmother who lived through famine or war; our father who breathed the air of a city saturated with industrial compounds; our mother who, during pregnancy, consumed foods containing substances that did not exist a century ago\u2014all may have contributed, directly or indirectly, to subtle biological signatures in the cells from which we emerged, without intending to do so and without our possessing, through ordinary consciousness, the key to reading them.<\/p>\n

This does not mean that every hormonal change observed today is the direct inherited consequence of ancestral trauma. The science in this field is still developing, and findings established in laboratory animals cannot always be translated with certainty to human beings.<\/p>\n

But it offers us a powerful philosophical principle: the present generation is not merely a copy of the one before it, but a modified reading of it.<\/p>\n

And the \u201chuman nature\u201d of which we speak with such confidence may, in truth, be a draft partially rewritten with every generation.<\/p>\n

The hybrid threshold<\/h2>\n

So far, we have gathered three threads: an observed hormonal phenomenon affecting both sexes; a historical mechanism suggesting that populations restore balance across generations rather than within individual lives; and a field of science telling us that the body may carry environmentally influenced biological memory.<\/p>\n

Where might these three threads lead if, at this point and only at this point, we allow ourselves one philosophical step beyond what the laboratory can currently prove?<\/p>\n

I pose the question cautiously:<\/p>\n

Could some of what we now call \u201chormonal disturbance,\u201d when viewed across a timescale far longer than a single human life, be an early indication of a human form different from the one we have known?<\/p>\n

I do not necessarily mean \u201chybrid\u201d in the familiar technological sense\u2014the merging of human beings with machines or biological digitalization\u2014although this is one of the possibilities\u00a0seriously discussed in the literature of posthumanism.<\/p>\n

I mean something deeper and quieter: the possibility that the true hybrid of the future may be entirely biological and environmental\u2014a human being whose expressions of masculinity and femininity emerge from a long chemical negotiation between the human body and an environment created by humanity itself.<\/p>\n

We may never have intended to create a third or transformed biological state. Yet perhaps, through the world we have constructed around ourselves, we may participate in changes we did not consciously design.<\/p>\n

This possibility deserves philosophical consideration not because it is certain\u2014it is not\u2014but because it reformulates an ancient question:<\/p>\n

Is the \u201chuman being\u201d a fixed essence that we are required to preserve, or a transient form that we are entrusted to inhabit faithfully in our own time, before passing it on to those who come after us\u2014modified, just as we ourselves received it already modified by those who came before?<\/p>\n

The civilizations we have studied for so long\u2014their rise and fall, their revolutions and reforms\u2014are all stories of social forms that change and disappear.<\/p>\n

Why, then, should we assume that the biological form of the human being alone is exempt from the possibility of change?<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n

This essay is not\u00a0a warning, for there is nothing here that calls for panic, nor a form of reassurance, for we cannot give a definite answer with certainty to a question whose boundaries science itself is still exploring.<\/p>\n

After all, the transformations we are discussing are slow, measured in generations rather than years.<\/p>\n

This essay, however, proposes\u00a0a way of seeing.<\/p>\n

The \u201chuman being\u201d in whose name we speak, whose nature we defend, and whose transformation we fear has never been a single preserved form. Humanity has been a succession of forms, each of which, in its own moment, may have imagined itself to be the final image.<\/p>\n

Perhaps the deepest value of this reflection is that it teaches us a humility we urgently need: to reconsider our certainty about what is \u201cnatural\u201d and \u201cunnatural\u201d in our bodies and in the bodies of our children; to observe change with the curiosity of the scientist rather than the rigidity of fear; and to leave to future generations, just as previous generations left to us, the unfinished draft of a human body.<\/p>\n

A draft that has not yet been completed\u2014and perhaps never will be.<\/p>\n

For its completion may be precisely what would mark its end.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Everything …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12385,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280,281,103,16,197],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13976","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2026-collective-activities-articles","category-al-ahram","category-all-articles","category-articles-by-dr-badrawi","category-translated-articles"],"yoast_head":"\nDr. Hossam Badrawi Writes for Al-Ahram: Are we witnessing the next stage of human biology? - Dr. Hossam Badrawi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-ahram-are-we-witnessing-the-next-stage-of-human-biology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dr. Hossam Badrawi Writes for Al-Ahram: Are we witnessing the next stage of human biology? - Dr. Hossam Badrawi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"From shifting hormone patterns to epigenetics, emerging research raises profound questions about the future of the human body and our assumptions about what it means to be human. 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He is the former head of the Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University. He conducted his post graduate studies from 1979 till 1981 in the United States. He was elected as a member of the Egyptian Parliament and chairman of the Education and Scientific Research Committee in the Parliament from 2000 till 2005. As a politician, Dr. Hossam Badrawi was known for his independent stances. His integrity won the consensus of all people from various political trends. During the era of former president Hosni Mubarak he was called The Rationalist in the National Democratic Party NDP because his political calls and demands were consistent to a great extent with calls for political and democratic reform in Egypt. He was against extending the state of emergency and objected to the National Democratic Party's unilateral constitutional amendments during the January 25, 2011 revolution. 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Painting by Dr Hossam Badrawi   We must begin by agreeing that at\u00a0no point in our long history has humanity existed in a definitive, completed form. 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- Dr. Hossam Badrawi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-ahram-are-we-witnessing-the-next-stage-of-human-biology\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-ahram-are-we-witnessing-the-next-stage-of-human-biology\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/IMG_7146.jpg","datePublished":"2026-07-16T18:33:59+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-20T18:34:45+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-ahram-are-we-witnessing-the-next-stage-of-human-biology\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-ahram-are-we-witnessing-the-next-stage-of-human-biology\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-ahram-are-we-witnessing-the-next-stage-of-human-biology\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/IMG_7146.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/IMG_7146.jpg","width":1018,"height":663,"caption":"Screenshot"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/dr-hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-ahram-are-we-witnessing-the-next-stage-of-human-biology\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Dr. Hossam Badrawi Writes for Al-Ahram: Are we witnessing the next stage of human biology?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/","name":"Dr. Hossam Badrawi","description":"Official Website","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/71dac15488abcc9dd96527db12aee32a"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/71dac15488abcc9dd96527db12aee32a","name":"Dr. Hossam Badrawi","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/dr.-hossam-logo-e1762983997572.png","url":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/dr.-hossam-logo-e1762983997572.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/dr.-hossam-logo-e1762983997572.png","width":526,"height":272,"caption":"Dr. Hossam Badrawi"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/dr.-hossam-logo-e1762983997572.png"},"description":"He is a politician, intellect, and prominent physician. He is the former head of the Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University. He conducted his post graduate studies from 1979 till 1981 in the United States. He was elected as a member of the Egyptian Parliament and chairman of the Education and Scientific Research Committee in the Parliament from 2000 till 2005. As a politician, Dr. Hossam Badrawi was known for his independent stances. His integrity won the consensus of all people from various political trends. During the era of former president Hosni Mubarak he was called The Rationalist in the National Democratic Party NDP because his political calls and demands were consistent to a great extent with calls for political and democratic reform in Egypt. He was against extending the state of emergency and objected to the National Democratic Party's unilateral constitutional amendments during the January 25, 2011 revolution. He played a very important political role when he defended, from the very first beginning of the revolution, the demonstrators' right to call for their demands. He called on the government to listen and respond to their demands. Consequently and due to Dr. Badrawi's popularity, Mubarak appointed him as the NDP Secretary General thus replacing the members of the Bureau of the Commission. During that time, Dr. Badrawi expressed his political opinion to Mubarak that he had to step down. He had to resign from the party after 5 days of his appointment on February 10 when he declared his political disagreement with the political leadership in dealing with the demonstrators who called for handing the power to the Muslim Brotherhood. Therefore, from the very first moment his stance was clear by rejecting a religion-based state which he considered as aiming to limit the Egyptians down to one trend. He considered deposed president Mohamed Morsi's decision to bring back the People's Assembly as a reinforcement of the US-supported dictatorship. He was among the first to denounce the incursion of Morsi's authority over the judicial authority, condemning the Brotherhood militias' blockade of the Supreme Constitutional Court. Dr. Hossam supported the Tamarod movement in its beginning and he declared that toppling the Brotherhood was a must and a pressing risk that had to be taken few months prior to the June 30 revolution and confirmed that the army would support the legitimacy given by the people","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hossambadrawi\/","https:\/\/x.com\/HossamBadrawi"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13976","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13976"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13976\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13977,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13976\/revisions\/13977"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12385"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13976"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13976"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13976"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}