{"id":14086,"date":"2026-09-06T23:18:38","date_gmt":"2026-09-06T21:18:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/?p=14086"},"modified":"2026-09-09T23:21:43","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T21:21:43","slug":"hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/","title":{"rendered":"Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Hurriya: Private Education in Egypt: Where Should the Focus Be?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Understanding the educational landscape is essential for understanding reality and planning for the future.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">I searched for a single, recent, clearly published official figure for the total number of \u201cforeign schools\u201d in Egypt, but could not find one, because the term encompasses several different categories.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Before summarizing the current situation, it is worth noting that Egypt has approximately <strong>62,690 pre-university schools<\/strong>, serving more than <strong>25.6 million students<\/strong> in the 2025\/2026 academic year.<\/p>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li>The total number of private schools is approximately <strong>11,000<\/strong>, representing around <strong>17% of all schools in Egypt<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>If we consider the number of students rather than the number of schools, students in private education account for only around <strong>10\u201313%<\/strong> of the total.<\/li>\n<li>Students in international education, within the narrower definition of private education\u2014that is, schools offering foreign curricula or international qualifications, excluding national private schools\u2014generally number around <strong>150,000 to 200,000 students nationwide<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Compared with approximately <strong>25.7 million pre-university students<\/strong>, this is a very small segment: <strong>less than 1% of the total<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">The <strong>13% figure cited by the Minister of Education<\/strong> includes private education as a whole, international education, and public schools that charge tuition. It does <strong>not<\/strong> refer to international education alone.<\/p>\n<h2>First: Private International Schools<\/h2>\n<h3>The category most closely associated with the term \u201cforeign schools\u201d<\/h3>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">These are private schools that offer accredited foreign curricula\u2014British, American, International Baccalaureate, French, German, and others\u2014and whose qualifications are recognized as equivalent to the Egyptian secondary-school certificate and to the corresponding qualification in the relevant foreign country.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">The figures currently circulating include:<\/p>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li>Specialized databases updated in <strong>2026<\/strong> list approximately <strong>143 international schools nationwide<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>A report by the <strong>Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS)<\/strong> in May 2025 mentioned <strong>103 international schools in Greater Cairo alone<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Press reports, citing the Ministry of Education, have reported higher figures reaching approximately <strong>800 schools<\/strong> among private schools offering international programs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>The main curricula offered by these schools<\/h3>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>British<\/strong> \u2014 IGCSE followed by A-Levels; the most widely represented.<\/li>\n<li><strong>American<\/strong> \u2014 American Diploma + GPA.<\/li>\n<li><strong>International Baccalaureate (IB).<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>French<\/strong> \u2014 approximately 15 schools officially accredited by the French side.<\/li>\n<li><strong>German and Canadian<\/strong>, and to a lesser extent Italian and other curricula.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Under Egyptian law, these schools are required to teach <strong>Arabic, religious education, and social studies\/history<\/strong> to Egyptian students.<\/p>\n<div contenteditable=\"false\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Second: Government Schools Offering International Education<\/h2>\n<h3>Not \u201cforeign\u201d schools in the traditional sense<\/h3>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">These are schools operated by the state or established through government initiatives, with tuition fees considerably lower than those of private international schools.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Approximate Current Number<\/th>\n<th>Certificate \/ Curriculum<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Official International Schools (IPS)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>33 schools<\/td>\n<td>British (IGCSE), with some offering American curricula<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Egyptian International Nile Schools<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>14 schools<\/td>\n<td>Nile International Certificate (CNISE), in partnership with Cambridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Egyptian International Schools (EIS)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>3 schools<\/td>\n<td>International Baccalaureate (IB)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Egyptian-Japanese Schools<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>69\u201379 schools<\/td>\n<td>Egyptian curriculum + Japanese Tokkatsu educational system; not a fully foreign curriculum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">The <strong>Official International Schools (IPS)<\/strong> are the closest equivalent to \u201cgovernment international education,\u201d with tuition fees of approximately <strong>EGP 15,000\u201320,000 per year<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div contenteditable=\"false\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">The approximately <strong>60,000 government schools<\/strong>, which serve more than <strong>25 million students<\/strong>, represent the overwhelming majority of Egypt\u2019s educational system.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Assuming an average of <strong>three children per family<\/strong>, with a family consisting of five people, the Ministry of Education is dealing with <strong>millions of families<\/strong> and represents one of the most important executive arms of the state because it is the primary provider of education.<\/p>\n<p>Yet media discussions tend to focus, unfortunately, on the <strong>1% of students in international education<\/strong> and the <strong>10% in private education<\/strong>, which also includes government schools that charge tuition\u2014as though the problems facing Egyptian society are concentrated in the segment of the population that is fully or relatively capable of confronting these challenges.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding the educational landscape is essential for understanding reality and planning for the future. I searched for a single, recent, clearly published official figure for the total number of \u201cforeign schools\u201d in Egypt, but could not find one, because the term encompasses several different categories. Before summarizing the current situation, it is worth noting that &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12724,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280,269,103,16,197],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14086","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2026-collective-activities-articles","category-al-hurriya-website","category-all-articles","category-articles-by-dr-badrawi","category-translated-articles"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Hurriya: Private Education in Egypt: Where Should the Focus Be? - Dr. Hossam Badrawi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Hurriya: Private Education in Egypt: Where Should the Focus Be? - Dr. Hossam Badrawi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Understanding the educational landscape is essential for understanding reality and planning for the future. I searched for a single, recent, clearly published official figure for the total number of \u201cforeign schools\u201d in Egypt, but could not find one, because the term encompasses several different categories. Before summarizing the current situation, it is worth noting that &hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dr. Hossam Badrawi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hossambadrawi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hossambadrawi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-06T21:18:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-09T21:21:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/alhorianews.com-hossam-badrawy-hossam-badrawy.jpg.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"398\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"262\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. Hossam Badrawi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@HossamBadrawi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@HossamBadrawi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. Hossam Badrawi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dr. Hossam Badrawi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/71dac15488abcc9dd96527db12aee32a\"},\"headline\":\"Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Hurriya: Private Education in Egypt: Where Should the Focus Be?\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-06T21:18:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-09T21:21:43+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":596,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/71dac15488abcc9dd96527db12aee32a\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/alhorianews.com-hossam-badrawy-hossam-badrawy.jpg.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"2026 Collective Activities &amp; Articles\",\"Al-Hurriya Website\",\"All Articles\",\"By Dr Badrawi\",\"Translated Articles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hossambadrawi.com\\\/en\\\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\\\/\",\"name\":\"Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Hurriya: Private Education in Egypt: Where Should the Focus Be? 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He is the former head of the Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University. He conducted his post graduate studies from 1979 till 1981 in the United States. He was elected as a member of the Egyptian Parliament and chairman of the Education and Scientific Research Committee in the Parliament from 2000 till 2005. As a politician, Dr. Hossam Badrawi was known for his independent stances. His integrity won the consensus of all people from various political trends. During the era of former president Hosni Mubarak he was called The Rationalist in the National Democratic Party NDP because his political calls and demands were consistent to a great extent with calls for political and democratic reform in Egypt. He was against extending the state of emergency and objected to the National Democratic Party's unilateral constitutional amendments during the January 25, 2011 revolution. He played a very important political role when he defended, from the very first beginning of the revolution, the demonstrators' right to call for their demands. He called on the government to listen and respond to their demands. Consequently and due to Dr. Badrawi's popularity, Mubarak appointed him as the NDP Secretary General thus replacing the members of the Bureau of the Commission. During that time, Dr. Badrawi expressed his political opinion to Mubarak that he had to step down. He had to resign from the party after 5 days of his appointment on February 10 when he declared his political disagreement with the political leadership in dealing with the demonstrators who called for handing the power to the Muslim Brotherhood. Therefore, from the very first moment his stance was clear by rejecting a religion-based state which he considered as aiming to limit the Egyptians down to one trend. He considered deposed president Mohamed Morsi's decision to bring back the People's Assembly as a reinforcement of the US-supported dictatorship. He was among the first to denounce the incursion of Morsi's authority over the judicial authority, condemning the Brotherhood militias' blockade of the Supreme Constitutional Court. Dr. Hossam supported the Tamarod movement in its beginning and he declared that toppling the Brotherhood was a must and a pressing risk that had to be taken few months prior to the June 30 revolution and confirmed that the army would support the legitimacy given by the people\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/hossambadrawi\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/HossamBadrawi\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Hurriya: Private Education in Egypt: Where Should the Focus Be? - Dr. Hossam Badrawi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Hurriya: Private Education in Egypt: Where Should the Focus Be? - Dr. Hossam Badrawi","og_description":"Understanding the educational landscape is essential for understanding reality and planning for the future. I searched for a single, recent, clearly published official figure for the total number of \u201cforeign schools\u201d in Egypt, but could not find one, because the term encompasses several different categories. Before summarizing the current situation, it is worth noting that &hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/","og_site_name":"Dr. Hossam Badrawi","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hossambadrawi\/","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hossambadrawi\/","article_published_time":"2026-09-06T21:18:38+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-09-09T21:21:43+00:00","og_image":[{"width":398,"height":262,"url":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/alhorianews.com-hossam-badrawy-hossam-badrawy.jpg.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"Dr. Hossam Badrawi","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@HossamBadrawi","twitter_site":"@HossamBadrawi","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Dr. Hossam Badrawi","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/"},"author":{"name":"Dr. Hossam Badrawi","@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/71dac15488abcc9dd96527db12aee32a"},"headline":"Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Hurriya: Private Education in Egypt: Where Should the Focus Be?","datePublished":"2026-09-06T21:18:38+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-09T21:21:43+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/"},"wordCount":596,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/71dac15488abcc9dd96527db12aee32a"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/alhorianews.com-hossam-badrawy-hossam-badrawy.jpg.webp","articleSection":["2026 Collective Activities &amp; Articles","Al-Hurriya Website","All Articles","By Dr Badrawi","Translated Articles"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/","url":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/","name":"Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Hurriya: Private Education in Egypt: Where Should the Focus Be? - Dr. Hossam Badrawi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/alhorianews.com-hossam-badrawy-hossam-badrawy.jpg.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-06T21:18:38+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-09T21:21:43+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/alhorianews.com-hossam-badrawy-hossam-badrawy.jpg.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/alhorianews.com-hossam-badrawy-hossam-badrawy.jpg.webp","width":398,"height":262},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/hossam-badrawi-writes-for-al-hurriya-private-education-in-egypt-where-should-the-focus-be\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Hossam Badrawi writes for Al-Hurriya: Private Education in Egypt: Where Should the Focus Be?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/","name":"Dr. Hossam Badrawi","description":"Official Website","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/71dac15488abcc9dd96527db12aee32a"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/71dac15488abcc9dd96527db12aee32a","name":"Dr. Hossam Badrawi","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/dr.-hossam-logo-e1762983997572.png","url":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/dr.-hossam-logo-e1762983997572.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/dr.-hossam-logo-e1762983997572.png","width":526,"height":272,"caption":"Dr. Hossam Badrawi"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/dr.-hossam-logo-e1762983997572.png"},"description":"He is a politician, intellect, and prominent physician. He is the former head of the Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University. He conducted his post graduate studies from 1979 till 1981 in the United States. He was elected as a member of the Egyptian Parliament and chairman of the Education and Scientific Research Committee in the Parliament from 2000 till 2005. As a politician, Dr. Hossam Badrawi was known for his independent stances. His integrity won the consensus of all people from various political trends. During the era of former president Hosni Mubarak he was called The Rationalist in the National Democratic Party NDP because his political calls and demands were consistent to a great extent with calls for political and democratic reform in Egypt. He was against extending the state of emergency and objected to the National Democratic Party's unilateral constitutional amendments during the January 25, 2011 revolution. He played a very important political role when he defended, from the very first beginning of the revolution, the demonstrators' right to call for their demands. He called on the government to listen and respond to their demands. Consequently and due to Dr. Badrawi's popularity, Mubarak appointed him as the NDP Secretary General thus replacing the members of the Bureau of the Commission. During that time, Dr. Badrawi expressed his political opinion to Mubarak that he had to step down. He had to resign from the party after 5 days of his appointment on February 10 when he declared his political disagreement with the political leadership in dealing with the demonstrators who called for handing the power to the Muslim Brotherhood. Therefore, from the very first moment his stance was clear by rejecting a religion-based state which he considered as aiming to limit the Egyptians down to one trend. He considered deposed president Mohamed Morsi's decision to bring back the People's Assembly as a reinforcement of the US-supported dictatorship. He was among the first to denounce the incursion of Morsi's authority over the judicial authority, condemning the Brotherhood militias' blockade of the Supreme Constitutional Court. Dr. Hossam supported the Tamarod movement in its beginning and he declared that toppling the Brotherhood was a must and a pressing risk that had to be taken few months prior to the June 30 revolution and confirmed that the army would support the legitimacy given by the people","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hossambadrawi\/","https:\/\/x.com\/HossamBadrawi"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14086","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14086"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14086\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14090,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14086\/revisions\/14090"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12724"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14086"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14086"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hossambadrawi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14086"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}