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Hossam Badrawi Writes for Al-Masry Al-Youm: The More We Know… The More We Discover How Little We Know

There is a defining moment in every person’s life—a moment when they discover that knowledge is not a ladder leading to certainty, but an ocean whose unknown shores expand the farther one sails into it.

In the early stages of awareness, people often believe that truth is simple, that the world can be easily explained, and that possessing a few pieces of information is enough to understand life. But with every book read, every experience lived, and every scientific or human discovery made, a remarkable paradox begins to emerge:

The more we know, the more we realize how little we actually know.

This is an invitation to intellectual humility.

Socrates expressed this idea when he said that his only wisdom was knowing that he knew nothing. The same concept echoed through generations of philosophers and scientists until it became one of the deepest paradoxes of human consciousness.

True knowledge does not produce arrogance—it produces wonder.

A child may believe the sky ends where their vision ends, but an astronomer, with every newly discovered galaxy, realizes that the universe is far larger than humanity ever imagined.

A first-year medical student may think the human body is understandable, only to discover years later that every cell contains mysteries beyond imagination.

And the philosopher searching for the meaning of consciousness often concludes that the question itself is deeper than any answer.

Knowledge, therefore, does not reduce ignorance—it reveals its magnitude.

Imagine a circle representing what we know.

As the circle expands, so does its boundary touching the unknown.

In other words, expanding knowledge increases our contact with what we do not know.

That is why the most dangerous people are not the ignorant, but those who know a little and believe they know everything.

True scholars, by contrast, often possess a striking humility.

In the age of artificial intelligence and information explosion, this paradox is more evident than ever before.

We possess more information than all previous ages combined, yet we still do not know:

  • What consciousness truly is.
  • What time really is.
  • How life began.
  • What links mind and matter.

Indeed, every new discovery seems to generate dozens of new questions.

And here lies the greatness of humanity:

Not in claiming possession of truth, but in having the courage to continue searching for it.

True knowledge is not a state of arrival—it is a state of perpetual journey.

Any mind that believes it has arrived has already stopped thinking.

Perhaps the greatest gift knowledge gives us is not answers, but the ability to ask deeper questions.

And perhaps this is why, as people grow in wisdom and learning, they become calmer, less dogmatic, and more humane.

The true fruit of every great form of knowledge is humility before this astonishing universe.

And the realization that:

“The more we know, the more we discover how little we know.”

But this truth applies not only to science. It also extends to humanity’s understanding of religion and the symbols through which it first expressed its questions about the universe, life, and death.

Ancient people did not possess the language of physics, neuroscience, cosmology, or modern theories of consciousness.

They saw lightning as anger, thunder as warning, the sun as a sacred being, and great natural phenomena as messages from the heavens.

Because the human mind always needs images through which it can imagine what it does not understand, symbols, myths, and metaphors emerged as tools for bringing meaning closer to the limited awareness of their age.

This was not a flaw in humanity—it was part of its natural evolution.

Every civilization did it.

The ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Indians, Chinese, and even the Abrahamic religions made extensive use of symbolic language because ultimate truth is greater than any direct words can contain.

The problem did not begin with the symbol itself.

It began when people forgot it was a symbol.

When mental images became literal certainties.

When metaphor hardened into unquestionable fact.

When asking questions became a crime.

A symbol is originally a bridge to meaning, but over time it can become a wall preventing access to that meaning.

Perhaps one of the greatest crises in religious thought throughout history has been the confusion between the essence of an idea and the form in which it was presented; between truth itself and the cultural vessel that carried it.

The great revelations came to awaken humanity morally and spiritually—not to shut down the mind.

Yet many people—out of fear, inheritance, or a psychological need for certainty—cling to old images as though they were final truths beyond reflection or development.

Over time, defending the symbol becomes a form of defending identity rather than truth itself.

This is where fanaticism emerges.

When people feel that their beliefs are their very selves, any question directed at those beliefs feels like a personal threat.

That is why some people become angry not because you disagree with them, but because you have disturbed the foundation upon which they built their sense of security.

Perhaps this is also why the deepest thinkers, mystics, and philosophers have often been the least dogmatic.

They understood that truth is wider than language, greater than rituals, and deeper than literal interpretation.

Ibn Arabi said:

“Every creed believes that Truth is confined within it, not realizing that God is greater.”

The Buddha did not ask his followers to worship him; he asked them to test truth for themselves.

Socrates saw doubt as the beginning of wisdom.

Einstein himself spoke of a “cosmic religious feeling” that transcends narrow conventional conceptions.

The real crisis is not religion.

The real crisis is when the mind stops moving.

When faith becomes fear rather than exploration.

When spiritual experience becomes a defensive psychological system.

When inner light becomes a struggle over ownership of truth.

At that point, people become willing to reject science, fight ideas, and hate those who differ from them—simply to preserve familiar mental images.

But truth does not fear questions.

And anything truly divine cannot collapse before a thinking mind.

Indeed, thinking itself may be a form of worship.

Perhaps the greatest tragedy in history is that people often sanctified words while forgetting meanings.

They defended forms while losing the spirit.

Humanity now stands before a new stage of consciousness.

Science advances at extraordinary speed, artificial intelligence is redefining knowledge, and questions about consciousness and the universe have become more complex than ever before.

In this new world, the real challenge will not be defending religion against science, but liberating faith from stagnation and rescuing the spirit from the prisons of literal interpretation.

The future will belong not to the most dogmatic, but to those most capable of understanding, reflection, and growth.

And perhaps only then will humanity realize that God did not grant us reason so that we might abandon it—but so that we might use it.

Dr. Hossam Badrawi

He is a politician, intellect, and prominent physician. He is the former head of the Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University. He conducted his post graduate studies from 1979 till 1981 in the United States. He was elected as a member of the Egyptian Parliament and chairman of the Education and Scientific Research Committee in the Parliament from 2000 till 2005. As a politician, Dr. Hossam Badrawi was known for his independent stances. His integrity won the consensus of all people from various political trends. During the era of former president Hosni Mubarak he was called The Rationalist in the National Democratic Party NDP because his political calls and demands were consistent to a great extent with calls for political and democratic reform in Egypt. He was against extending the state of emergency and objected to the National Democratic Party's unilateral constitutional amendments during the January 25, 2011 revolution. He played a very important political role when he defended, from the very first beginning of the revolution, the demonstrators' right to call for their demands. He called on the government to listen and respond to their demands. Consequently and due to Dr. Badrawi's popularity, Mubarak appointed him as the NDP Secretary General thus replacing the members of the Bureau of the Commission. During that time, Dr. Badrawi expressed his political opinion to Mubarak that he had to step down. He had to resign from the party after 5 days of his appointment on February 10 when he declared his political disagreement with the political leadership in dealing with the demonstrators who called for handing the power to the Muslim Brotherhood. Therefore, from the very first moment his stance was clear by rejecting a religion-based state which he considered as aiming to limit the Egyptians down to one trend. He considered deposed president Mohamed Morsi's decision to bring back the People's Assembly as a reinforcement of the US-supported dictatorship. He was among the first to denounce the incursion of Morsi's authority over the judicial authority, condemning the Brotherhood militias' blockade of the Supreme Constitutional Court. Dr. Hossam supported the Tamarod movement in its beginning and he declared that toppling the Brotherhood was a must and a pressing risk that had to be taken few months prior to the June 30 revolution and confirmed that the army would support the legitimacy given by the people

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